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Ethanol

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The feedstock for ethanol varies from continent to continent and country to country, depending on soil-climatic conditions. Sugar-based feedstock such as sugarcane juice, molasses, and beet; cereals such as corn, rice, and wheat; and tubers such as cassava are the typical feedstock utilised in many regions of the world and are together referred to as 1st generation feedstock. First generation ethanol is ethanol obtained from these sources.

Why Ethanol

India is the world's third largest energy consumer, and a considerable portion of its needs are fulfilled by oil, which is by and large, imported. By 2050, India's proportion of global energy consumption is expected to double. Rising energy consumption and a large reliance on imports pose substantial concerns for energy security. It also causes a significant outflow of foreign currency. Furthermore, excessive usage of fossil fuels increases carbon emissions and raises health issues. Domestically produced ethanol has the potential to reduce dependence on oil imports by mixing it with traditional fossil fuels for use.

Ethanol is a renewable fuel made from starch rich grains like corn, rice, sugarcane, maize, barley, and other plant materials. Ethanol use is widespread and is critical for establishing energy security and transitioning to a dynamic low-carbon economy. The most common blend of ethanol is E10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline). Ethanol is also available as a high-level ethanol blend containing 51% to 83% ethanol, depending on geography and season, for use in flexible fuel vehicles.

Fuel Properties

Ethanol (C2H5OH) is a clear, colourless liquid. It is also known as ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and EtOH. Ethanol has the same chemical formula regardless of its production from various feedstocks of starch-rich grains such as corn, rice, and barley, etc. Ethanol has a higher octane number than gasoline, providing premium blending properties. Minimum octane number requirements for gasoline prevent engine knocking and ensure drivability. Lower-octane gasoline is blended with 10% ethanol to attain the standard 91 octane.

FAQs

Ethanol is a colourless, transparent organic liquid. Apart from being an alternate fuel source, it is also utilised as a chemical solvent and in the production of organic molecules.
Ethanol can be made by fermenting biomass (plant resources) or by petrochemical methods such as ethylene hydration.
Bioethanol is another name for ethanol made from biomass. It may be manufactured from various feedstocks rich in starch, such as corn, rice, and barley.
1. To address the country's expanding energy needs.
2. India's dependency on crude oil imports will be reduced, thus improving its energy security.
3. To reduce pollutants and carbon emissions while meeting climate targets.
4. Assist farmers to increase their income.
5. To facilitate the transformation of waste into wealth.
India has achieved the target of blending 10 per cent ethanol into petrol five months ahead of schedule. Given the encouraging performance and various interventions made by the government since 2014, the 20% target has been advanced to 2025 from 2030
Bioethanol can change the face of the rural economy and rural India. With agricultural diversification toward the energy and power sectors, farmer empowerment and rapid employment in rural India will become a reality.The country has already managed to save over Rs 41,000 crore, while farmers have earned Rs 40,000 crore over an eight-year period.